Provides a set of methods for making links and getting URLs that depend on the routing subsystem (see ActionController::Routing). This allows you to use the same format for links in views and controllers.
True if the current request URI was generated by the given options.
Let’s say we’re in the /shop/checkout?order=desc action.
current_page?(:action => 'process') # => false current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout') # => true current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout', :order => 'asc') # => false current_page?(:action => 'checkout') # => true current_page?(:controller => 'library', :action => 'checkout') # => false
Let’s say we’re in the /shop/checkout?order=desc&page=1 action.
current_page?(:action => 'process') # => false current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout') # => true current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout', :order => 'desc', :page=>'1') # => true current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout', :order => 'desc', :page=>'2') # => false current_page?(:controller => 'shop', :action => 'checkout', :order => 'desc') # => false current_page?(:action => 'checkout') # => true current_page?(:controller => 'library', :action => 'checkout') # => false
# File lib/action_view/helpers/url_helper.rb, line 540 def current_page?(options) url_string = CGI.unescapeHTML(url_for(options)) request = @controller.request # We ignore any extra parameters in the request_uri if the # submitted url doesn't have any either. This lets the function # work with things like ?order=asc if url_string.index("?") request_uri = request.request_uri else request_uri = request.request_uri.split('?').first end if url_string =~ /^\w+:\/\// url_string == "#{request.protocol}#{request.host_with_port}#{request_uri}" else url_string == request_uri end end
Creates a link tag of the given name using a URL created by the set of options. See the valid options in the documentation for url_for. It’s also possible to pass a string instead of an options hash to get a link tag that uses the value of the string as the href for the link, or use :back to link to the referrer - a JavaScript back link will be used in place of a referrer if none exists. If nil is passed as a name, the link itself will become the name.
link_to(name, options = {}, html_options = nil) link_to(options = {}, html_options = nil) do # name end
:confirm => 'question?' - This will add a JavaScript confirm prompt with the question specified. If the user accepts, the link is processed normally, otherwise no action is taken.
:popup => true || array of window options - This will force the link to open in a popup window. By passing true, a default browser window will be opened with the URL. You can also specify an array of options that are passed-thru to JavaScripts window.open method.
:method => symbol of HTTP verb - This modifier will dynamically create an HTML form and immediately submit the form for processing using the HTTP verb specified. Useful for having links perform a POST operation in dangerous actions like deleting a record (which search bots can follow while spidering your site). Supported verbs are :post, :delete and :put. Note that if the user has JavaScript disabled, the request will fall back to using GET. If you are relying on the POST behavior, you should check for it in your controller's action by using the request object's methods for post?, delete? or put?.
The html_options will accept a hash of html attributes for the link tag.
Note that if the user has JavaScript disabled, the request will fall back to using GET. If :href => '#' is used and the user has JavaScript disabled clicking the link will have no effect. If you are relying on the POST behavior, your should check for it in your controller’s action by using the request object’s methods for post?, delete? or put?.
You can mix and match the html_options with the exception of :popup and :method which will raise an ActionView::ActionViewError exception.
Because it relies on url_for, link_to supports both older-style controller/action/id arguments and newer RESTful routes. Current Rails style favors RESTful routes whenever possible, so base your application on resources and use
link_to "Profile", profile_path(@profile) # => <a href="/profiles/1">Profile</a>
or the even pithier
link_to "Profile", @profile # => <a href="/profiles/1">Profile</a>
in place of the older more verbose, non-resource-oriented
link_to "Profile", :controller => "profiles", :action => "show", :id => @profile # => <a href="/profiles/show/1">Profile</a>
Similarly,
link_to "Profiles", profiles_path # => <a href="/profiles">Profiles</a>
is better than
link_to "Profiles", :controller => "profiles" # => <a href="/profiles">Profiles</a>
You can use a block as well if your link target is hard to fit into the name parameter. ERb example:
<% link_to(@profile) do %> <strong><%= @profile.name %></strong> -- <span>Check it out!!</span> <% end %> # => <a href="/profiles/1"><strong>David</strong> -- <span>Check it out!!</span></a>
Classes and ids for CSS are easy to produce:
link_to "Articles", articles_path, :id => "news", :class => "article" # => <a href="/articles" class="article" id="news">Articles</a>
Be careful when using the older argument style, as an extra literal hash is needed:
link_to "Articles", { :controller => "articles" }, :id => "news", :class => "article" # => <a href="/articles" class="article" id="news">Articles</a>
Leaving the hash off gives the wrong link:
link_to "WRONG!", :controller => "articles", :id => "news", :class => "article" # => <a href="/articles/index/news?class=article">WRONG!</a>
link_to can also produce links with anchors or query strings:
link_to "Comment wall", profile_path(@profile, :anchor => "wall") # => <a href="/profiles/1#wall">Comment wall</a> link_to "Ruby on Rails search", :controller => "searches", :query => "ruby on rails" # => <a href="/searches?query=ruby+on+rails">Ruby on Rails search</a> link_to "Nonsense search", searches_path(:foo => "bar", :baz => "quux") # => <a href="/searches?foo=bar&baz=quux">Nonsense search</a>
The three options specific to link_to (:confirm, :popup, and :method) are used as follows:
link_to "Visit Other Site", "http://www.rubyonrails.org/", :confirm => "Are you sure?" # => <a href="http://www.rubyonrails.org/" onclick="return confirm('Are you sure?');">Visit Other Site</a> link_to "Help", { :action => "help" }, :popup => true # => <a href="/testing/help/" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;">Help</a> link_to "View Image", @image, :popup => ['new_window_name', 'height=300,width=600'] # => <a href="/images/9" onclick="window.open(this.href,'new_window_name','height=300,width=600');return false;">View Image</a> link_to "Delete Image", @image, :confirm => "Are you sure?", :method => :delete # => <a href="/images/9" onclick="if (confirm('Are you sure?')) { var f = document.createElement('form'); f.style.display = 'none'; this.parentNode.appendChild(f); f.method = 'POST'; f.action = this.href; var m = document.createElement('input'); m.setAttribute('type', 'hidden'); m.setAttribute('name', '_method'); m.setAttribute('value', 'delete'); f.appendChild(m);f.submit(); };return false;">Delete Image</a>
# File lib/action_view/helpers/url_helper.rb, line 218 def link_to(*args, &block) if block_given? options = args.first || {} html_options = args.second concat(link_to(capture(&block), options, html_options)) else name = args.first options = args.second || {} html_options = args.third url = url_for(options) if html_options html_options = html_options.stringify_keys href = html_options['href'] convert_options_to_javascript!(html_options, url) tag_options = tag_options(html_options) else tag_options = nil end href_attr = "href=\"#{url}\"" unless href "<a #{href_attr}#{tag_options}>#{name || url}</a>".html_safe end end
Creates a link tag of the given name using a URL created by the set of options if condition is true, in which case only the name is returned. To specialize the default behavior, you can pass a block that accepts the name or the full argument list for link_to_unless (see the examples in link_to_unless).
<%= link_to_if(@current_user.nil?, "Login", { :controller => "sessions", :action => "new" }) %> # If the user isn't logged in... # => <a href="/sessions/new/">Login</a> <%= link_to_if(@current_user.nil?, "Login", { :controller => "sessions", :action => "new" }) do link_to(@current_user.login, { :controller => "accounts", :action => "show", :id => @current_user }) end %> # If the user isn't logged in... # => <a href="/sessions/new/">Login</a> # If they are logged in... # => <a href="/accounts/show/3">my_username</a>
# File lib/action_view/helpers/url_helper.rb, line 410 def link_to_if(condition, name, options = {}, html_options = {}, &block) link_to_unless !condition, name, options, html_options, &block end
Creates a link tag of the given name using a URL created by the set of options unless condition is true, in which case only the name is returned. To specialize the default behavior (i.e., show a login link rather than just the plaintext link text), you can pass a block that accepts the name or the full argument list for link_to_unless.
<%= link_to_unless(@current_user.nil?, "Reply", { :action => "reply" }) %> # If the user is logged in... # => <a href="/controller/reply/">Reply</a> <%= link_to_unless(@current_user.nil?, "Reply", { :action => "reply" }) do |name| link_to(name, { :controller => "accounts", :action => "signup" }) end %> # If the user is logged in... # => <a href="/controller/reply/">Reply</a> # If not... # => <a href="/accounts/signup">Reply</a>
# File lib/action_view/helpers/url_helper.rb, line 378 def link_to_unless(condition, name, options = {}, html_options = {}, &block) if condition if block_given? block.arity <= 1 ? yield(name) : yield(name, options, html_options) else name end else link_to(name, options, html_options) end end
Creates a link tag of the given name using a URL created by the set of options unless the current request URI is the same as the links, in which case only the name is returned (or the given block is yielded, if one exists). You can give link_to_unless_current a block which will specialize the default behavior (e.g., show a “Start Here” link rather than the link’s text).
Let’s say you have a navigation menu…
<ul id="navbar"> <li><%= link_to_unless_current("Home", { :action => "index" }) %></li> <li><%= link_to_unless_current("About Us", { :action => "about" }) %></li> </ul>
If in the “about” action, it will render…
<ul id="navbar"> <li><a href="/controller/index">Home</a></li> <li>About Us</li> </ul>
…but if in the “index” action, it will render:
<ul id="navbar"> <li>Home</li> <li><a href="/controller/about">About Us</a></li> </ul>
The implicit block given to link_to_unless_current is evaluated if the current action is the action given. So, if we had a comments page and wanted to render a “Go Back” link instead of a link to the comments page, we could do something like this…
<%= link_to_unless_current("Comment", { :controller => 'comments', :action => 'new}) do link_to("Go back", { :controller => 'posts', :action => 'index' }) end %>
# File lib/action_view/helpers/url_helper.rb, line 354 def link_to_unless_current(name, options = {}, html_options = {}, &block) link_to_unless current_page?(options), name, options, html_options, &block end
Creates a mailto link tag to the specified email_address, which is also used as the name of the link unless name is specified. Additional HTML attributes for the link can be passed in html_options.
mail_to has several methods for hindering email harvesters and customizing the email itself by passing special keys to html_options.
:encode - This key will accept the strings "javascript" or "hex". Passing "javascript" will dynamically create and encode the mailto: link then eval it into the DOM of the page. This method will not show the link on the page if the user has JavaScript disabled. Passing "hex" will hex encode the email_address before outputting the mailto: link.
:replace_at - When the link name isn't provided, the email_address is used for the link label. You can use this option to obfuscate the email_address by substituting the @ sign with the string given as the value.
:replace_dot - When the link name isn't provided, the email_address is used for the link label. You can use this option to obfuscate the email_address by substituting the . in the email with the string given as the value.
:subject - Preset the subject line of the email.
:body - Preset the body of the email.
:cc - Carbon Copy addition recipients on the email.
:bcc - Blind Carbon Copy additional recipients on the email.
mail_to "me@domain.com" # => <a href="mailto:me@domain.com">me@domain.com</a> mail_to "me@domain.com", "My email", :encode => "javascript" # => <script type="text/javascript">eval(decodeURIComponent('%64%6f%63...%27%29%3b'))</script> mail_to "me@domain.com", "My email", :encode => "hex" # => <a href="mailto:%6d%65@%64%6f%6d%61%69%6e.%63%6f%6d">My email</a> mail_to "me@domain.com", nil, :replace_at => "_at_", :replace_dot => "_dot_", :class => "email" # => <a href="mailto:me@domain.com" class="email">me_at_domain_dot_com</a> mail_to "me@domain.com", "My email", :cc => "ccaddress@domain.com", :subject => "This is an example email" # => <a href="mailto:me@domain.com?cc=ccaddress@domain.com&subject=This%20is%20an%20example%20email">My email</a>
# File lib/action_view/helpers/url_helper.rb, line 456 def mail_to(email_address, name = nil, html_options = {}) html_options = html_options.stringify_keys encode = html_options.delete("encode").to_s cc, bcc, subject, body = html_options.delete("cc"), html_options.delete("bcc"), html_options.delete("subject"), html_options.delete("body") string = '' extras = '' extras << "cc=#{CGI.escape(cc).gsub("+", "%20")}&" unless cc.nil? extras << "bcc=#{CGI.escape(bcc).gsub("+", "%20")}&" unless bcc.nil? extras << "body=#{CGI.escape(body).gsub("+", "%20")}&" unless body.nil? extras << "subject=#{CGI.escape(subject).gsub("+", "%20")}&" unless subject.nil? extras = "?" << extras.gsub!(/&?$/,"") unless extras.empty? email_address_obfuscated = html_escape(email_address) email_address_obfuscated.gsub!(/@/, html_options.delete("replace_at")) if html_options.has_key?("replace_at") email_address_obfuscated.gsub!(/\./, html_options.delete("replace_dot")) if html_options.has_key?("replace_dot") if encode == "javascript" html = content_tag("a", name || email_address_obfuscated.html_safe, html_options.merge({ "href" => "mailto:"+html_escape(email_address)+extras })) "document.write('#{escape_javascript(html)}');".each_byte do |c| string << sprintf("%%%x", c) end "<script type=\"#{Mime::JS}\">eval(decodeURIComponent('#{string}'))</script>" elsif encode == "hex" email_address_encoded = '' email_address_obfuscated.each_byte do |c| email_address_encoded << sprintf("&#%d;", c) end protocol = 'mailto:' protocol.each_byte { |c| string << sprintf("&#%d;", c) } email_address.each_byte do |c| char = c.chr string << (char =~ /\w/ ? sprintf("%%%x", c) : char) end content_tag "a", name || email_address_encoded.html_safe, html_options.merge({ "href" => "#{string}#{extras}" }) else content_tag "a", name || email_address_obfuscated.html_safe, html_options.merge({ "href" => "mailto:#{email_address}#{extras}" }) end end
Returns the URL for the set of options provided. This takes the same options as url_for in Action Controller (see the documentation for ActionController::Base#url_for). Note that by default :only_path is true so you’ll get the relative /controller/action instead of the fully qualified URL like example.com/controller/action.
When called from a view, url_for returns an HTML escaped url. If you need an unescaped url, pass :escape => false in the options.
:anchor - Specifies the anchor name to be appended to the path.
:only_path - If true, returns the relative URL (omitting the protocol, host name, and port) (true by default unless :host is specified).
:trailing_slash - If true, adds a trailing slash, as in "/archive/2005/". Note that this is currently not recommended since it breaks caching.
:host - Overrides the default (current) host if provided.
:protocol - Overrides the default (current) protocol if provided.
:user - Inline HTTP authentication (only plucked out if :password is also present).
:password - Inline HTTP authentication (only plucked out if :user is also present).
:escape - Determines whether the returned URL will be HTML escaped or not (true by default).
If you instead of a hash pass a record (like an Active Record or Active Resource) as the options parameter, you’ll trigger the named route for that record. The lookup will happen on the name of the class. So passing a Workshop object will attempt to use the workshop_path route. If you have a nested route, such as admin_workshop_path you’ll have to call that explicitly (it’s impossible for url_for to guess that route).
<%= url_for(:action => 'index') %> # => /blog/ <%= url_for(:action => 'find', :controller => 'books') %> # => /books/find <%= url_for(:action => 'login', :controller => 'members', :only_path => false, :protocol => 'https') %> # => https://www.railsapplication.com/members/login/ <%= url_for(:action => 'play', :anchor => 'player') %> # => /messages/play/#player <%= url_for(:action => 'checkout', :anchor => 'tax&ship') %> # => /testing/jump/#tax&ship <%= url_for(:action => 'checkout', :anchor => 'tax&ship', :escape => false) %> # => /testing/jump/#tax&ship <%= url_for(Workshop.new) %> # relies on Workshop answering a new_record? call (and in this case returning true) # => /workshops <%= url_for(@workshop) %> # calls @workshop.to_s # => /workshops/5 <%= url_for("http://www.example.com") %> # => http://www.example.com <%= url_for(:back) %> # if request.env["HTTP_REFERER"] is set to "http://www.example.com" # => http://www.example.com <%= url_for(:back) %> # if request.env["HTTP_REFERER"] is not set or is blank # => javascript:history.back()
# File lib/action_view/helpers/url_helper.rb, line 76 def url_for(options = {}) options ||= {} url = case options when String escape = true options when Hash options = { :only_path => options[:host].nil? }.update(options.symbolize_keys) escape = options.key?(:escape) ? options.delete(:escape) : true @controller.send(:url_for, options) when :back escape = false @controller.request.env["HTTP_REFERER"] || 'javascript:history.back()' else escape = false polymorphic_path(options) end escape ? escape_once(url).html_safe : url end
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